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A new approach to unsupervised learning Evolving technologies have brought about an explosion of information in recent years, but the question of how such information might be effectively harvested, archived, and analyzed remains a monumental challenge—for the processing of such information is often fraught with the need for conceptual interpretation: a relatively simple task for humans, yet an arduous one for computers. Inspired by the relative success of existing popular research on self-organizing neural networks for data clustering and feature extraction, Unsupervised Learning: A Dynamic Approach presents information within the family of generative, self-organizing maps, such as the self-organizing tree map (SOTM) and the more advanced self-organizing hierarchical variance map (SOHVM). It covers a series of pertinent, real-world applications with regard to the processing of multimedia data—from its role in generic image processing techniques, such as the automated modeling and removal of impulse noise in digital images, to problems in digital asset management and its various roles in feature extraction, visual enhancement, segmentation, and analysis of microbiological image data. Self-organization concepts and applications discussed include: Distance metrics for unsupervised clustering Synaptic self-amplification and competition Image retrieval Impulse noise removal Microbiological image analysis Unsupervised Learning: A Dynamic Approach introduces a new family of unsupervised algorithms that have a basis in self-organization, making it an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and scientists who want to create systems that effectively model oppressive volumes of data with little or no user intervention.

In the forthcoming years, citizens of many countries will be provided with electronic identity cards. eID solutions may not only be used for passports, but also for communication with government authorities or local administrations, as well as for secure personal identification and access control in e-business. Further eID applications will be implemented in the healthcare sector. For some of these solutions we will not need a physical data carrier at all. The Handbook of eID Security is the first source presenting a comprehensive overview of this strongly discussed topic. It provides profound information on the following questions: – Which are the latest concepts, technical approaches, applications and trends in the field of eID? – Which areas of application are covered by the different eID concepts? – Which security mechanisms are used, for what reasons, and how can their reliability be ensured? – How will the security of personal data be guaranteed? This book is a perfect source of information for all persons working in industry, banking, healthcare, research institutes, administrations and public authorities: – who are involved in the development of eID application concepts, technical solutions, and of devices used for transfer and read out data to and from eIDs, – who have or will have to do with eID applications in their daily work, and – who participate in informing and discussing about the security and transparency of eID solutions.

Graph partitioning is a theoretical subject with applications in many areas, principally: numerical analysis, programs mapping onto parallel architectures, image segmentation, VLSI design. During the last 40 years, the literature has strongly increased and big improvements have been made. This book brings together the knowledge accumulated during many years to extract both theoretical foundations of graph partitioning and its main applications.

Explains for the first time how «computing with words» can aid in making subjective judgments Lotfi Zadeh, the father of fuzzy logic, coined the phrase «computing with words» (CWW) to describe a methodology in which the objects of computation are words and propositions drawn from a natural language. Perceptual Computing explains how to implement CWW to aid in the important area of making subjective judgments, using a methodology that leads to an interactive device—a «Perceptual Computer»—that propagates random and linguistic uncertainties into the subjective judgment in a way that can be modeled and observed by the judgment maker. This book focuses on the three components of a Perceptual Computer—encoder, CWW engines, and decoder—and then provides detailed applications for each. It uses interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) and fuzzy logic as the mathematical vehicle for perceptual computing, because such fuzzy sets can model first-order linguistic uncertainties whereas the usual kind of fuzzy sets cannot. Drawing upon the work on subjective judgments that Jerry Mendel and his students completed over the past decade, Perceptual Computing shows readers how to: Map word-data with its inherent uncertainties into an IT2 FS that captures these uncertainties Use uncertainty measures to quantify linguistic uncertainties Compare IT2 FSs by using similarity and rank Compute the subsethood of one IT2 FS in another such set Aggregate disparate data, ranging from numbers to uniformly weighted intervals to nonuniformly weighted intervals to words Aggregate multiple-fired IF-THEN rules so that the integrity of word IT2 FS models is preserved Free MATLAB-based software is also available online so readers can apply the methodology of perceptual computing immediately, and even try to improve upon it. Perceptual Computing is an important go-to for researchers and students in the fields of artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic, as well as for operations researchers, decision makers, psychologists, computer scientists, and computational intelligence experts.

The only singular, all-encompassing textbook on state-of-the-art technical performance evaluation Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems uniquely presents all techniques of performance evaluation of computers systems, communication networks, and telecommunications in a balanced manner. Written by the renowned Professor Mohammad S. Obaidat and his coauthor Professor Noureddine Boudriga, it is also the only resource to treat computer and telecommunication systems as inseparable issues. The authors explain the basic concepts of performance evaluation, applications, performance evaluation metrics, workload types, benchmarking, and characterization of workload. This is followed by a review of the basics of probability theory, and then, the main techniques for performance evaluation—namely measurement, simulation, and analytic modeling—with case studies and examples. Contains the practical and applicable knowledge necessary for a successful performance evaluation in a balanced approach Reviews measurement tools, benchmark programs, design of experiments, traffic models, basics of queueing theory, and operational and mean value analysis Covers the techniques for validation and verification of simulation as well as random number generation, random variate generation, and testing with examples Features numerous examples and case studies, as well as exercises and problems for use as homework or programming assignments Fundamentals of Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems is an ideal textbook for graduate students in computer science, electrical engineering, computer engineering, and information sciences, technology, and systems. It is also an excellent reference for practicing engineers and scientists.

Starting with an updated description of Allen's calculus, the book proceeds with a description of the main qualitative calculi which have been developed over the last two decades. It describes the connection of complexity issues to geometric properties. Models of the formalisms are described using the algebraic notion of weak representations of the associated algebras. The book also includes a presentation of fuzzy extensions of qualitative calculi, and a description of the study of complexity in terms of clones of operations.

Mochten Sie mit einem Roboter Handchen halten? Wie fuhlt sich das wohl an? Sind Bewusstsein und Emotionen konstruierbar – oder bleiben sie ein allein menschliches Privileg? Schon im Jahr 2015 sind PCs ahnlich leistungsfahig wie das menschliche Gehirn. Das klingt zwar wie Science-Fiction, ist jedoch die gut begrundete Prognose von Wissenschaftlern, die sich mit Kunstlicher Intelligenz beschaftigen. Dabei geht es dem Autor, Bernd Vowinkel, nicht nur ausschlie?lich um die blo?e technische Machbarkeit: er stellt sowohl Gedankenexperimente vor, die in die Grenzbereiche von Philosophie und Wissenschaft vorsto?en, aber er geht auch existenziellen Fragen nach den langfristigen Auswirkungen der KI auf unsere Zivilisation nicht aus dem Weg. Dank seiner allgemein verstandlichen Sprache ist das Buch fur Jeden, der an kunstlicher Intelligenz interessiert ist, eine spannende Wanderung auf dem Grat zwischen Realitat und Fiktion!

Преодолев предвзятость в отношении игр, вы сможете стать настоящим экспертом в этом деле. В книге рассказывается, как игры помогают нам не только наслаждаться жизнью, но и решать сложные проблемы и даже увлекать окружающих идеей изменения мира к лучшему. Используйте потенциал игр для создания новой, яркой реальности!

Master 3D Studio VIZ Including All the New Features of Release 3 In Mastering 3D Studio VIZ 3, world-renowned AutoCAD expert George Omura teaches you every aspect of AutoDesk's powerful 3D design and modeling tool. Whether you're entirely new to VIZ or just want to get up to speed on the latest release, this book offers the explanations and clear, step-by-step instruction you need to put VIZ to work in even the most complex of design projects. Coverage includes: Finding your way around in VIZ Getting up to speed on the newest features Importing and exporting AutoCAD files Creating walls and doors Creating complex shapes Matching designs to background photographs Creating realistic and dramatic lighting effects Creating materials and applying materials to objects Creating geometry from bitmap images Basing designs on bitmap sketches Setting up animated walkthroughs Producing video output from animations Adding props to VIZ models Produce design presentation views-building elevations and top, front, and side views Placing sunlight for sun-shadow studies Using image editing programs in conjunction with VIZ Using AutoCAD in conjunction with VIZ Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

"Omura's explanations are concise, his graphics are excellent, and his examples are practical." —CADalyst The Definitive CAD Resource Updated for 2005 Mastering AutoCAD 2005 and AutoCAD LT 2005 is a fully updated edition of Omura's enduring masterpiece. Once again, he delivers the most comprehensive and comprehensible coverage for AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT users including information on the Sheet Set Manager, field command, table tool and the software's other productivity enhancers. If you've never used AutoCAD, the tutorial approach and step-by-step instruction will help you get started right away. If you're an AutoCAD veteran, in-depth explanations of AutoCAD's newest and most advanced features will help you become an AutoCAD expert. Whatever your experience, however you use AutoCAD, you'll refer to this indispensable resource again and again. Coverage includes: Finding your way around the AutoCAD interface Creating and developing an AutoCAD drawing Keeping track of your projects with the new sheet set manager Importing spreadsheets and editing tables with the new Table tool Updating text automatically with the new field command Controlling your drawings' printed output Discovering hidden features Mastering the 3D modeling and rendering process Customizing AutoCAD Linking drawings to databases and spreadsheets Managing custom symbols Securing and authenticating your files Aligning and coordinating Layout views Using Publish to share files with non-AutoCAD users Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

"I've been using AutoCAD for 22 years and have written a hundred books on the subject. I reviewed many CAD books back in the days when book reviews were common in CAD publications; some were innovative, others were just sad. But for nearly a decade, it's been mostly silence on the book review front. Then earlier in the summer, a book arrived in the mail from Sybex: AutoCAD Secrets Every User Should Know by Dan Abbott. Reading it, I got excited: here's a book for every AutoCAD user, even old-timers like me." – Ralph Grabowski, Editor, upFront.eZine.com: The Business of CAD Learn the «why» behind the «how» in this one-of-a-kind reference packed with tips and techniques from award-winning AutoCAD expert Dan Abbott. This info-packed guide reveals some of the best kept AutoCAD secrets on technical standards, AutoLISP programming, DOS functions, scripts, 3D, and everything in between. Based on his popular «Things Every AutoCAD User Should Know» session at Autodesk University and other industry events, Dan gives you the answers to frequently asked AutoCAD questions in his direct and entertaining style while using real-world case studies to put your skills into practice. Read it cover to cover or dive right in to the sections you need most, then get ready to improve your productivity, save more time, and become an AutoCAD all-star.

Build Your Skills with Hundreds of Helpful Ideas from Two AutoCAD Superstars Two AutoCAD experts distill years of combined experience into hundreds of the most useful AutoCAD tips and techniques you'll ever find. Fun, easy to read, and packed with information, this beautiful guide equips you with inside tricks on critical AutoCAD features and functions–all in fast, easy-to-digest nuggets. Discover keyboard shortcuts and little-known system variables or punch up your style with expert tips on visualizing, publishing, and 3D modeling. No matter what your experience level, you're sure to increase productivity and master professional-level techniques with this lively, practical book. * Tweak Windows(r) and AutoCAD to get the UI you want * Handle layers and select objects like a pro * Create dimensions, hatch patterns, and text correctly the first time * Comprehend the complexities of Sheet Sets and Paperspace * Unleash the power of dynamic blocks * Get visualization tips from the experts * Plot or publish in the background while you keep drawing * Take control of AutoCAD with customization techniques * Master the friendly new world of 3D in AutoCAD 2007